YUANWENBIAOTI：GUANGZHOUSHISANXING：ZHONGGUOCHAYEDUIWAIMAOYIDEZHONGXIN

TUWEI：WANGHENG

QINGCHAO。GUANGZHOUSHISANXINGSHIGUANGZHOUZUIFANHUADESHANGYEJIE。SHISANXINGYIZAIZHONGGUOCHAYEDUIWAIMAOYIZHONGZUOGUOHUIHUANGGONGXIAN。

JINRI。GUANGZHOUSHISANXINGBOWUGUANZAIQINGDAISHISANXINGSHANGGUANQUYIZHI（GUANGDONGSHENGGUANGZHOUSHILIWANQUXIDIERMALU37HAOGUANGZHOUWENHUAGONGYUANNEI）LUOCHENG。1YUE9RI。JIZHEQIANWANGBOWUGUANJINXINGCAIFANG。TONGSHIDUIWUCHANGXIANGBOWUGUANJUANZENGWENWU1500JIANDEGUANGZHOUDISHIPUYINXIANGKEJIJIANGXI11XUAN5DONGSHIZHANGWANGHENGJINXINGZHUANFANG。LEJIETAYANZHONGDEGUANGZHOUSHISANXING。

不受待见的十三行文物

MINGCHAOSHIXINGBIGUANSUOGUOZHENGCE。ZHIZHIKANGXIERSHISANNIAN（1684NIAN）KAIHAIMAOYI。SHELILEYUE、MIN、ZHE、JIANGSIHAIGUAN。ZAIKAIGUANCHUQI。YOUYUQINGZHENGFUBINGMEIYOUCHENGXINGDEWAIMAOTIZHI。SHIDANGSHIJIEDAIXIFANGSHANGCHUANDEZHIDUJIQIHUNLUAN。YUDAODALIANGCHUANZHIDAOLAI。GUANYUANJINGCHANGZHAOJIAWUFANG。YANGCHUANCHANGBEIDUZAIGANGWAICHICHIBUDEMAOYI。

1686NIANCHUN。GUANGDONGGUANFUZHAOMULESHISANJIAJIAOYOUSHILIDEYAXINGJINGJIREN。ZHIDINGTAMENYUYANGCHUANSHANGDEWAISHANGZUOSHENGYIBINGDAIHAIGUANZHENGJIAOGUANSHUI。YOUYUTAMENXUJINGZHENGFUPIZHUN。FAJIXINGTIE。GUJUYOUGUANSHANGXINGZHI。ZHEIBEIPUBIANRENWEISHISHISANXINGWAIMAOZUZHIJIANLIDEBIAOZHI。

WEILEZHENGSUZHESHENGHAIFANG。QIANLONGERSHIERNIAN（1757NIAN）。QINGTINGXIALING：“（YICHUAN）JIANGLAIZHIXUZAIGUANGZHOUSHOUBOMAOYI。”

JUXI。GUANGZHOUSHISANXINGCHUKOUDECHANPINSHIWAIGUORENDAOGUANGZHOUDINGZHIDEYISHUPIN、GONGYIPIN。GUONEIJIBENBULIUTONG。YILIUDEFEICHANGSHAO。JIBENDOUSHIGUOWAIHUILIUDE。WANGHENGBIAOSHI。TAJUANXIANJIBOWUGUANDEWENWUDUOSHIZAIGUOWAIMAIHUIDE。

SHISANXINGDEDONGXIYIZHIBUTAIBEIZHONGGUOSHOUZANGJIERENKE。HENDUORENDUIZHEIXIEWENWUYOUPIANJIAN。WANGHENGSHUO。YOURENRENWEI。ZHEISHIWAIGUORENDEWENHUA。BUSHIZHONGGUORENDE。YOURENRENWEI。ZHEIXIECHUKOUYONGYUCHUANGHUIDEDONGXI。QIYISHUJIAZHIBINGBUTAIGAO。“QISHIBURAN。ZAIJIAQINGYIQIAN。GUANGZHOUSHISANXINGCHUKOUDEWUJIANYISHUSHUIPINGDOUSHIHENGAODE。”

WANGHENGSHUO。SUISHIMINJIANSHOUGONGYIZUOPIN。DANYOUXIEWUJIAN。XIANZAIDEGONGJIANGMENDOUBUYIDINGNENGZHIZUO。KEJIANDANGSHISHOUGONGYIRENSHUIPINGZHIGAO。“WOXIWANGDAJIANENGZHENGQUERENSHIZHEIDUANLISHI。ZHEIXIEWENWU。XIWANGGUANGZHOUBENTUDEGULAOWENHUANENGYINQIDAJIADEZHONGSHI。ZHENGHAOSHISANXINGBOWUGUANZAICHOUJIAN。WOJIUJIANGZHEIXIEWUJIANJUANCHUQULE。ERQIESHISANXINGBOWUGUANJIUZAICENGJINGDEGUANGZHOUSHISANXINGJIUYIZHISHANG。FEICHANGYOUYIYI。”

SHISANXINGZUIXINGWANGDESHIHOUYESHIQINGCHAOGUOLIZUIQIANGSHENGDESHIQI。ZHEIGESHIQIDUICHANPINYAOQIUZUIGAO。WANGHENGSHUO。RUQIANLONGSHIQI。CONGZHONGGUOJINKOUDEHUOWURUJINGMEIDECIQI、CIXIUDENG。SHOUDAOOUZHOUGUIZUMENRELIEDEZHUIPENG。JIUXIANGXIANZAIDELV、AIMASHIYIYANG。

ZHEIXIEPIAOYANGWANLIDEZHONGGUODESHANGPINSHIZUOWEICHUANJIABAO。DEDAOLETUOSHANDEBAOGUAN。LIRU。ZHANGSHIJIANDEHAILUYUNSHU。GUANGCAICIPOSUILVSHIHENRANGYANGSHANGTOUTENGDEWENTI。POSUIDECIQIHENDUOYANGSHANGYEBUSHEDEDIU。ERSHICAIYONGDUTEDEJIFA。JIANGTAMENZHANHEQILAI。JIXUSHIYONG。ZUKEJIANZHEIXIE“BOLAIPIN”DEZHENGUI。

14-17SHIJIOUZHOUJINGUOWENYIFUXING。JIEFANGSIXIANG。1746NIAN。OUZHOUJINGGUODIYICIGONGYEGEMING。ZHUJIANQIANGSHENG。NEIGESHIDAIDEZHONGGUO。GUOLIYEQUESHIQIANGSHENG。DANYEJIUSHIZHEISHIHOUKAISHIGUBUZIFENG。19SHIJIZHONGHOUQI。DIANLIKAISHICHENGWEIOUZHOUZHUYAONENGYUANZHICHI。JIANGHAICHUYUNONGGENGSHEHUIDEZHONGGUOYUANYUANSHUAIZAISHENHOU。GUANGZHOUSHISANXINGCENGJINGDEYOUSHIJIANSHUAI。

WANGHENGSHUO。YIGUANGCAICIWEILI。QIANLONGCHAOSHIQIDEGUANGCAICIFEICHANGJINGMEI。MEIYIGECIQISHANGDEHUADOUBUYIYANG。“SUIWUDINGSHI”JIUSHIDUIQIFENGFUCHUANGZUONEIRONGDEZANMEI。“QISHIZHEIGESHIQI。GUOWAIYIJINGKEYISHAOZHICIQILE。WEILEQIANGZHANSHICHANGBIXUJINXINGJIANGXI11XUAN5DECHUANGZHI。CAINENGDEDAOKEYUAN。DANCHUKOULIANGHAISHIRIYIXIAJIANG。”

GUANGXUDISHI。QINGCHAOGUOLIYIJINGKAISHIQIXIRICHEN。ZHEISHIHOU。XINGSHANGMENGAIBIANCELVE。BUZAIYIJINGQUSHENG。ERYILIANGQUSHENG。SUOYIBUZAIZHONGGONGYI。RUGUANGCAICIBIAOXIANWEIZHUYAOSHENGCHANPILIANGHUADERIYONGCI。XIANJIANHUAGONG。WANGHENGSHUO。ZHEIXIEBIANHUADOUQINGXIDEBIAOXIANZAIZANGPINSHANG。KENENGSHOUZHEIYIJIEDUANDEYINGXIANG。RENMENDUIGUANGZHOUSHISANXINGDEYINXIANGBUTAIHAO。

“WORENWEISHOUZANGYAOSUBENHUIYUAN。MINSUDEJIUSHISHIJIEDE。ZUOWEIGUANGZHOURENYINGGAIFANGYANGUANGZHOUBENTUDEYISHUPIN。”WANGHENGBIAOSHI。YINGGAIYONGXILIEDEYANGUANGLAIKANDAISHOUZANGHUO。JINGZHIMEIHAODE。DILIEXIACENGDE。DOUYINGGAIYOUSHEJI。TAMENDAIBIAOZHENEIDUANLISHIHEGONGYIDEGAODI。NENGRANGRENZHENGQUEDEKANDAIWENWUBEIHOUDELISHIDEXINGSHENG。

中国茶叶对外贸易的中心

CHAYE、CIQIHESIZHIPINSHIDANGSHIGUANGZHOUSHUCHUDEZHUYAOHUOWU。YOUYUDANGSHIJINGYINGCHUKOUMAOYICHULINGTIEDEGUANSHANGWAI。HAIYOUWEIJINGPIZHUNDESANSHANG。SUIYU1720NIANCHENGLIGUANSHANGDEZUZHI——GONGXING。GUIDINGGONGTONGZUNSHOUDEXINGGUI。BAOKUOLONGDUANCHUKOUJIAGE、DUZHANJIAGE、DUZHANMAOYIDENG。CHAYESHIQINGZHENGFUXIANDINGYOUGONGXINGLONGDUANJINGYINGDEZHUYAOSHANGPIN。WAISHANGGOURUCHAYE。ZHINENGWEITUOGONGXINGDAIGOU。BINGZAIGONGXINGHUOZHANZHONGZHONGXINGUOCHENGDABAO、JIACHUO。BINGDAIJIAOGUANSHUIFANGNENGCHUKOU。WAIGUOSHANGGUANYESHEZAISHISANXING。DANGSHIDEGUANGZHOUSHISANXINGJIESHIZHONGGUOCHAYEDUIWAIMAOYIDEZHONGXIN。CHENGXIANCHUYIPAIFANRONGXINGWANGJINGXIANG。CHAYEWAIXIAORIJIANFADA。

WANGHENGSHUO。CHAZHISUOYIZAIWAIGUOSHOUJIANGXI11XUAN5。ZHUYAOYUANYINSHICHABEIRENWEISHIBAOZHIWANBINGDEYAOWU。HAIYOUYIZHONGSHUOFASHI。ZHANGSHIJIANDECHIBUDAOXIANSHUGUODEHANGHAISHENGHUO。HENDUORENHUANSHANGHUAISIBING。DANCHAJIUKEYIYOUXIAOJIEJUEZHEIGEWENTI。NENGJISHUISHOUMENTIGONGWEISHENGSU。

JUXI。QINGYONGZHENGBANIANZHIQIANLONGWUNIAN（1730—1740NIAN）。GUANGZHOUCHUKOUCHAYEPINGJUNMEINIAN4.76WANDAN。DAOQIANLONGWUSHINIANZHISHIJIUNIAN（1790—1794NIAN）ZENGZHI23.11WANDAN。YIHOUJIXUZENGJIA。DAOGUANGSHILIUNIANZHISHIBANIAN（1836—1838NIAN）YUE40.27WANDAN。DANGSHIGUANGZHOUCHUKOUCHAYEYUEZHANZHONGGUOJIUCHENGYISHANG。

HAIYOUYICITEBIEYOUYISIDESHI。QIANDUANSHIJIANZAIGUANGZHOUSHISANXINGYANTAOHUISHI。YOUYIGEWAIGUORENZHAODAOLEYIPIANWENXIAN。DAYISHITAMENZAIBENGUOHEDECHA。KOUGANBURUTAMENZAIGUANGZHOUHEDECHA。TAMENHUAIYI。SHIYINWEIZHUANGCHASHI。RENMENYONGJIAOCAIJIN。SHIDECHAYEBEIWURANLE。“WORENWEIYINGGAIYOUJIGEFANGMIANDEYUANYIN。SHOUXIANSHICHAYEYUNSHUDELUCHENGYAOJIGEYUE。HAISHANGSHIRUNDEQIHOU。SHIDECHAYEYOUYIDINGCHENGDUYANGHUA。QICISHISHUIDEBUTONGLE。ZAICINI。JIUSHIPAOCHADEJIFABUTONGLE。”

“JUWOSUOZHI。NEIGESHIHOUZHONGGUODUICHAYEBAOHUHAISHIBIJIAOYANGEDE。YANGEXIANZHIGUOWAIRENKANDAOCHAMIAO、ZHIFADENG。”

CHUCHAYEWAI。QITADEDONGXIJIBENSHANGDOUSHIGUANGZHOUBENTUDEDESHOUGONGYIPIN。RUCHAJU。HENNANKANDAORUGAIWANZHEIZHONGGONGFUCHAJU。YINWEIGUANGCAICIDOUSHIANZHAOWAIGUORENDEXUQIULAIZHIZUODE。SUOYIXISHIXIAWUCHACHAJUJIUHENDUO。

WANGHENGBIAOSHI。GUANGZHOUSHISANXINGDESHOUGONGYIYOUYIXIEZAICHUANCHENGSHANGDUANLE。BIRUTONGCAOHUA。ZHIDAOQIBASHINIANDAI。WAIGUOYOURENSONGLEYIPITONGCAOHUA。RENMENCAIZHONGXINRENSHIZHEIZHONGHUAZUO。

XIANZAISHISANXINGDEWENWUMANMANDEYUELAIYUEDUODERENQUGUANZHULE。WANGHENGBIAOSHI。ZHEIYIXIANXIANGLINGRENHENXINWEI。